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Alternative Paths and Dominating Variables

Alternative Paths

There are numerous alternative points in the model where you can forecast a parameter with two or more possible ways. For example, Net sales can be forecasted as an absolute figure or with a growth rate, EBIT as an absolute figure or with EBIT margin (%), Fixed assets as a percentage of sales or with the help of investments and depreciation and so on.

This is possible since the model has formulas for both directions:

  1. If you change EBIT %, then EBIT in absolute terms is calculated with the new EBIT % and Net sales.
  2. If you change absolute EBIT directly, then EBIT % is changed to correspond that new EBIT figure.

The question is, what if Net sales is changed? Will absolute EBIT or EBIT % remain unchanged. The answer is told in the following chapter (or see directly the table at the end of the page).

 

Dominating variables

As there are many alternative ways or “paths” to forecast certain parameters, it helps when you know which forecasting variables are dominating in the model. (Although in many cases the dominance can be quite logical, so you can quite easily guess what we have chosen as the dominating forecast variable.)


The following two examples illustrate how these dominating/dominated variables work:

This are the ways the model works in case of net sales:

1. You can forecast next year´s Net sales with a growth percentage     (growth percentage dominating)

Let us say that you have the following forecasts:

When you change your current year net sales forecast (1000) for example to 1100, either the next year net sales or its growth rate must change correspondingly. As we have defined the growth rate to be dominating, next years´ net sales also raises to 1320 due to your forecast change in current year. This is demonstrated below:


2. You can forecast next year´s Net sales with absolute Net sales as the      dominating path.

In this case the previous change would have meant this:

Notice: this is not how the model actually works in a case of net sales. It is just an example for you so it would be easier to understand the logic of dominating variables.

In the next table, we will show you every forecasting path with their dominating variables. Notice that also dominated variables can be changed.

List of all alternative forecasting paths and their dominating variables

Dominating variable
Variable that is dominated
 

Net sales growth %

Net sales (absolute)

 

 

 

 

EBIT %

EBIT (absolute)

 

 

 

 

Gross investments (absolute)

Fixed assets / Net sales %
Gross investments (%)

*

Fixed assets / Net sales %

Gross investments (absolute)
Gross investments (%)

*

 

 

 

Depreciation / Fixed assets %

Normal depreciation
Total depreciation

 

 

 

 

Dividend per share

Payout ratio %

**

Payout ratio %

Dividend per share

**

 

 

 

Tax rate %

Taxes on continuing operations

 

 

 

 

Inventories / Net sales %

Net working capital %

 

Receivables / Net sales %

Net working capital %

 

Interest bearing financial assets / Net sales %

Net working capital %

 

Non-interest bearing liabilities /
Net sales %

Net working capital %

 

 

* You can choose either Gross investments (absolute) or Fixed assets / Net sales % to be dominating (have a closer look).

** You can choose either Dividend per share or Payout ratio % to be dominating (have a closer look).

 

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